Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis

Emergency Medicine,Gastrointestinal

Written by the doctors and editors at UpToDate
What is diverticulitis? — Diverticulitis is a disorder that can cause belly pain, fever, and problems with bowel movements.
The food we eat travels from the stomach through a long tube called the intestine. The last part of that tube is the colon (figure 1). The colon sometimes has small pouches in its walls. These pouches are called "diverticula." Many people who have these pouches have no symptoms. Diverticulitis happens when these pouches develop a small tear also known as a "microperforation," which then become infected and cause symptoms.
What are the symptoms of diverticulitis? — The most common symptom of diverticulitis is pain, which is usually in the lower part of the belly. Other symptoms can include:
Fever
Constipation
Diarrhea
Nausea and vomiting
Is there a test for diverticulitis? — Yes. There are a few tests your doctor can do to find out if you have diverticulitis. But tests are not always needed. If you do have a test, you might have a:
CT scan – A CT scan is a kind of imaging test. Imaging tests create pictures of the inside of your body.
Abdominal ultrasound – This test uses sound waves to create pictures of your intestines.
How is diverticulitis treated? — That depends on how bad your symptoms are. If you have mild symptoms, you will get antibiotics. You might also need to go on a clear liquid diet for a short time. That might be all the treatment you need.
But if you have severe symptoms, or if you get a fever, you might need to stay in the hospital. There, you can get fluids and antibiotics through a thin tube that goes into your vein, called an "IV." That way you can stop eating and drinking until you get better.
If you have a serious infection, the doctor might put a tube into your belly to drain the infection. In very bad cases, people need surgery to remove the part of the colon that is affected.
A few months after your infection has been treated, your doctor might recommend that you have a procedure called a colonoscopy (figure 2). During a colonoscopy, the doctor can look directly inside your colon to get an idea of the number of diverticula in your colon and to find out where they are. At the same time, he or she can check for signs of cancer.
Should I change my diet if I have had diverticulitis? — If you have had diverticulitis, it's a good idea to eat a lot of fiber. Good sources of fiber include fruits, oats, beans, peas, and green leafy vegetables. If you do not already eat fiber-rich foods, wait until after your symptoms get better to start.
You do not need to avoid seeds, nuts, popcorn, or other similar foods.
All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.
This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Mar 30, 2020.
Topic 15393 Version 9.0
Release: 28.2.2 - C28.105
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